|
Day 1 – July 23, 2024 |
|
7:00 AM |
Registration Opens |
|
|
7:30 AM |
Breakfast |
|
|
8:00 AM |
Welcome (10 mins) |
|
|
8:10 AM |
Executive Welcome |
Cynthia
Jenks, ALD/ORNL |
|
Keynote (Chair: Wu Xu) |
||
|
8:30 AM |
All Solid-State Battery – A Status Update |
Shirley
Meng, U Chicago/ANL |
|
Session I: Solid-State
Electrolytes and Batteries (Chair: Xia Cao and Guang Yang) |
||
|
9:10 AM |
Multifunctional Coatings on Sulfide
Solid Electrolyte Powders for Enhanced Processability and Performance |
Justin
Connell, ANL |
|
9:35 AM |
Synthesis and electrochemical study of ceramic-polymer
nanocomposite solid electrolytes |
Yuepeng Zhang, ANL |
|
10:00 AM |
Break (20 mins) |
|
|
10:20 AM |
Beyond Lithium and Towards Sodium: Thin-Film Glassy Solid
Electrolytes as a New Functionality for Glass Enabling High Energy Density Na
All Solid-State Batteries |
Steve Martin, ISU |
|
10:45 AM |
Conductivity and Processability of Polymer Electrolyte |
Jianlin
Li, ANL |
|
Session II: Electrons to
Chemicals (Chair: Robert Sacci and Sanja Tepavcevic) |
||
|
11:10 AM |
Advanced Materials for Energy: from nanomaterials to superstructured materials |
Yun
Hang Hu, Michigan Tech U |
|
11:35 AM |
Unlocking unconventional lithium resources through sustainable
electrochemical leaching |
Feifei Shi, Penn State |
|
12:00 PM
Working Lunch and Discussion: |
||
|
Session III: Metal-Air Batteries
(Chair: James Wu and Wu Xu) |
||
|
1:00 PM |
Advancements and Capabilities of Group1 |
Alex Girau,
Group1 |
|
1:25 PM |
Advanced Batteries to Decarbonize Heavy Transport |
Mohammad Asadi, IIT |
|
1:50 PM |
High Mass Loading Positive Electrodes
for Li-O2 Batteries |
Xianglin Li, WU St. Louis |
|
2:15 PM |
High Performance Aluminum-Air Flow
Batteries through Laser-Modified and Friction-stir Processed 3D Anode and
High Effective Catalysis |
Anming Hu, UTK |
|
2:40 PM |
Break (20 mins) |
|
|
Session IV: Sulfur and Other
Conversion Batteries (Chair: Guang Yang and Wei Tong) |
||
|
3:00 PM |
New Insights on Reaction Pathways for
FeS2 Cathodes |
Bruce
Dunn, UCLA |
|
3:25 PM |
Metal-sulfur Batteries with Stabilized
Electrodes and Interfaces |
Arumugam
Manthiram, UT Austin |
|
3:50 PM |
Graphdiyne-based
two-dimensional nanomaterials for next-generation “beyond Li-ion” batteries |
Xueli (Sherry) Zheng,
SLAC |
|
4:15 PM |
Lyten’s
Advancements in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Electric Vehicles |
Kumar Bugga, Lyten |
|
4:40 PM Panel Discussion: (Chair: Robert Sacci) |
||
|
5:10 PM Adjourn
Day 1 |
||
|
Day 2 – July 24, 2024 |
|||
|
7:30 AM |
Registration Opens |
||
|
8:00 AM |
Breakfast |
||
|
Keynote (Chair: Robert
Sacci) |
|||
|
8:30 AM |
New insights into alkali-ion solid
electrolytes in solid-state batteries |
Linda Nazar, U Waterloo |
|
|
Session V: Multivalent and
Organic Batteries (Chair: Robert Sacci and Wu Xu) |
|||
|
9:10 AM |
Design Organic Electrode Materials for All-Solid-State Batteries |
Yan Yao, U Houston |
|
|
Organic
Electrode Materials for Affordable and Sustainable Na-ion and K-ion Batteries |
Chao Luo, George Mason/U Miami |
||
|
10:00 AM |
Break (15 mins) |
||
|
Session VI: Sodium and Potassium Batteries
(Chair: Xia Cao and Mengya Li) |
|||
|
10:15 AM |
Protonation stimulates the layered to
rock salt phase transition of Ni-rich sodium cathodes |
Xiaolin Li, PNNL |
|
|
10:60 AM |
Determining the Thermal Safety of Sodium-Ion Batteries at Charge
and Discharge Conditions |
Manikandan Palanisamy, UTK |
|
|
11:05 AM |
Advancing the 3.7 V K-Ion Battery: From Coin Cells and Pouch
Cells to 18650s |
Leigang Xue, Group1 |
|
|
11:30 AM |
Increasing the voltage for sodium cathode through copper and
oxygen redox |
Enyuan Hu, BNL |
|
|
11:55 AM |
State of the art electrochemical measurements Bill Eggers, Biologic |
||
|
12:10 PM Working Lunch and Discussion: |
|||
|
Session VII: Long Duration
Batteries (Chair: Lei Cheng and Guang Yang) |
|||
|
1:10 PM |
Low-Cost, Earth-Abundant Catholytes for Redox Flow Batteries |
Ethan
Self, ORNL |
|
|
1:35 PM |
Medium and Long Duration Capabilities
from Flow Batteries, Mechanical Systems, and Sodium Batteries |
Russ Weed, Clean Tech Strategies |
|
|
2:00 PM |
Zinc Batteries for Stationary Storage |
Tim Lambert, SNL |
|
|
2:25 PM |
Next Generation Ion Conducting Polymers for Energy Storage Applications
Beyond Li-Ion |
Roger
Tocchetto and Vijay Mhetar, Kraton |
|
|
2:50 PM |
Break (15 mins) |
||
|
Session VIII: Second Use and
Recycling (Chair: Kae Fink and Lynn Trahey) |
|||
|
3:05 PM |
Eco-Friendly, and Energy-Efficient: The Role of Direct Recycling
in Promoting Sustainability |
Chao Yan, Princeton NuEnergy |
|
|
3:30 PM |
Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Scraps |
Yaocai Bai, ORNL |
|
|
3:55 PM |
Recycling and upcycling of spent battery materials via
molten-salt technologies |
Sheng Dai,
UTK |
|
|
|
Cancelled |
Cancelled |
|
|
4:10 PM Panel Discussion (Chair: Lynn Trahey) |
|||
|
4:40 PM |
Setup |
||
|
5:30 PM |
Poster Session and Reception Sponsored by Group1 and BioLogic |
||
|
8:00 PM Adjourn
Day 2 |
|||
|
Day 3 – July 25, 2024 |
||
|
|
||
|
7:30 AM |
Registration Opens |
|
|
8:00 AM |
Breakfast |
|
|
Keynote (Chair: Lei Cheng) |
||
|
8:20 AM |
Fast and Cooperative Ion Transport in Polymer-Based
Materials: A Progress Report |
Valentino Cooper, ORNL |
|
Session IX: “Data-Driven”
Discovery of Battery Materials (Chair: Max Giammona
and Young-Hye Na) |
||
|
9:00 AM |
Accelerating
materials discovery for energy storage by AI and robotics-powered
laboratories
|
Yan
Zeng, FSU |
|
9:25 AM |
Discovery and Optimization of Battery
Materials in the Era of Foundation Models |
Vidushi Sharma, IBM |
|
9:50 AM |
Announcement of Poster Winner |
|
|
10:00 AM |
Data-driven,
Theory-informed Analysis of Microscopy & Spectroscopy Data |
Maria Chan, ANL |
|
10:25 AM |
Materials Informatics for Designing
Optimal Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries |
Nav Nidhi Rajput, Stony
Brook U |
|
11:00 AM
Panel Discussion (Chair: Young-Hye Na) |
||
|
11:30 AM |
Working Lunch and Discussion: How do we incorporate ML/AI into our
research? |
|
|
ORNL Tour Preparation |
||
|
11:45 PM |
Everyone
on board the bus |
|
|
1:30 PM |
Pick
up badges |
|
|
2:00-4:00 PM ORNL tours |
||
|
|
Battery
Manufacturing and Neutron Facilities Tours |
|
|
After the
tour, transportation will be provided back to the Hotel. |
||
|
1:30-4:30 ORNL Workshop and
discussion |
||
|
Workshop |
Mechanical
Behavior of Materials for All-Solid-State Batteries |
Sergiy Kalnaus and
Erik Herbert, ORNL |
|
Adjourn the Meeting |
|
Day 1 Keynote Speaker Bio
and Abstract |
Dr. Y. Shirley Meng is a Professor at the
Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago. She serves
as the Chief Scientist of the Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage
Science (ACCESS) Argonne
National Laboratory. Dr. Meng is the principal investigator of the research
group – Laboratory for Energy Storage and Conversion (LESC), that was
established at University of California San Diego since 2009. She held the
Zable Chair Professor in Energy Technologies at University of California San
Diego (UCSD) from 2017-2022. Dr. Meng received several prestigious awards,
including ACS Research Excellence in Electrochemistry (2024), ECS Battery
Division Research Award (2023), the C3E technology and innovation award (2022),
the Faraday Medal of Royal Chemistry Society (2020), International Battery
Association IBA Research Award (2019), Blavatnik
Awards for Young Scientists Finalist (2018), C.W. Tobias Young Investigator
Award of the Electrochemical Society (2016) and NSF CAREER Award (2011). Dr.
Meng is elected Fellow of Electrochemical Society (FECS), Fellow of
Materials Research Society (FMRS) and Fellow of American Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS). She is the author and co-author of more than
300 peer-reviewed journal articles, two book chapters and eight issued patents.
She is the Editor-in-Chief for Materials Research Society MRS Energy &
Sustainability. Dr. Meng received her Ph.D. in Advance Materials for Micro
& Nano Systems from the Singapore-MIT Alliance in 2005. She received
her bachelor’s degree in Materials Science with first class honor from Nanyang
Technological University of Singapore in 2000.
All Solid-State Battery – A Status Update
Y. Shirley Meng, Ph.D.
Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS),
IL, USA
Laboratory for Energy Storage & Conversion, The University of
Chicago, IL, USA
Compared with their
liquid-electrolyte analogues, Solid state electrolytes SSEs have drawn
increased attention as they promote battery safety, exhibit a wide operational
temperature window, and improve energy density by enabling Li metal as anode
materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Despite suitable
mechanical properties to prevent Li dendrite penetration, relatively wide
electrochemical stability windows, comparable ionic conductivities, and
intrinsic safety, most SSEs are found to be thermodynamically unstable against
Li metal, where SSE decomposition produces a complex interphase, analogous to
the SEI formed in liquid electrolyte systems. An ideal passivation layer should
consist of ionically conductive but electronically insulating components to
prevent the SSE from being further reduced. The past four decades have
witnessed intensive research efforts on the chemistry, structure, and
morphology of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Li-metal and Li-ion
batteries (LIBs) using liquid or polymer electrolytes, since the SEI is
considered to predominantly influence the performance, safety and cycle life of
batteries. All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have been promoted as a highly
promising energy storage technology due to the prospects of improved safety and
a wider operating temperature range compared to their conventional liquid
electrolyte-based counterparts. While solid electrolytes with ionic
conductivities comparable to liquid electrolytes have been discovered,
fabricating solid-state full cells with high areal capacities that can cycle at
reasonable current densities remains a principal challenge. Silicon anode
offers a possibility to overcome the challenges that lithium metal anode faces.
In this talk, we will highlight solutions to these existing challenges and
several directions for future work are proposed.
|
Day 2 Keynote Speaker Bio
and Abstract |
Dr. Linda Nazar is a Professor and Canada Research Chair in Solid
State Energy Materials at the University of Waterloo. carries out research in
inorganic materials chemistry, solid-state chemistry, and electrochemistry. Her
research is focused on the development of electrochemical energy storage
devices and materials. Using guided
principles, Prof. Nazar’s team synthesizes new
materials, determines their structures, and investigates their physical
properties. She is, in particular, interested in ion
and electron transport in materials as these properties are central to
solid-state electrochemistry and energy storage batteries. Her group is
proficient in a range of methods and fields of investigation, including X-ray
and neutron diffraction, electrochemistry, AC impedance, and solid-state
inorganic and nanomaterials synthesis. Professor
Nazar holds the Canada Research Chair in Solid State
Energy Materials since 2004, and is a Fellow of the
Royal Society (UK) in recognition of her excellence in research. She is also a
Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and an Officer of the Order of Canada.
New insights into alkali-ion solid
electrolytes in solid-state batteries
|
Day 3 Keynote Speaker Bio
and Abstract |
Dr. Valentino R. Cooper is the Section Head for
the Materials Theory Modeling and Simulations section in the Materials Sciences
and Technology Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He received his Ph. D
from the Chemistry Department at the University of Pennsylvania in 2005. Prior
to joining ORNL in 2008, he was a post-doctoral associate in the Physics
Department of Rutgers University. His research focuses on electronic structure
methods for understanding dispersion interactions and in the prediction of
functional materials including piezoelectrics and
ferroelectrics. Dr. Cooper was a 2013 recipient of the Department of Energy
Early Career award. He currently is the Director of the Energy Frontier
Research Center on Fast and Cooperative Ion Transport in Polymer-Based
Materials (FaCT).
Fast and Cooperative Ion
Transport in Polymer Based Materials: a progress report
Valentino R. Cooper
Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge TN
A major bottleneck limiting the
advancement of energy storage and conversion technologies is the development of
multifunctional, selective, and highly conductive membranes and solid
electrolytes. State-of-the-art batteries rely on liquid electrolytes that
exhibit low ion selectivity, poor electrochemical and thermal stability, and
are plagued by potential safety hazards associated with dendrite formation,
high volatility, and flammability. While polymer electrolytes can overcome many
of these problems, they suffer from relatively low ionic conductivity.
Similarly, polymer membranes in flow batteries and fuel cells have not achieved
the necessary conductivity and selectivity for fast ion transport and suffer
from water management issues that restrict operating temperatures due to the
need for water (i.e., hydrogen bonding networks) to transport protons. In this
presentation, I will discuss progress in the Energy Frontier Research Center on
Fast and Cooperative Ion Transport in Polymer-Based Materials (EFRC FaCT) to understand and control fast, correlated ion and
proton transport at multiple length and time scales. In
particular, I will highlight two recent outcomes: (i)
examining the mechanisms controlling the energy barriers for ion hopping in
polymer electrolytes and (ii) the design of nanorod-composite systems
exhibiting fast ion conductivity. These showcase the synergistic research
across the center and the potential for the discovery and design of novel, fast
ion conducting polymer electrolytes for next-generation energy storage devices.
This work was supported as part of
the Fast and Cooperative Ion Transport in Polymer-Based Materials (FaCT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
|
Day 1 Abstracts |
Multifunctional
Coatings on Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Powders for Enhanced Processability and
Performance
Justin G. Connell
Materials Science Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
Sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are a promising class of
materials for next-generation all-solid-state Li-ion batteries due to their
high ionic conductivity and favorable mechanical properties that make them
amenable to processing at scale. Despite their significant promise, widespread
adoption of sulfide SSEs is hindered by processability in manufacturing
environments, as well as by lower performance and lifetime due to
(electro)chemical instability against reactive electrodes. We have developed a
computationally guided, atomic layer deposition (ALD)-based approach for
realizing ultrathin coatings on sulfide SSE powders to address both of these key issues. Computational evaluation of
coating stability against multiple relevant interfaces indicates specific
design rules for selecting candidate coatings. Utilizing this approach, we have
demonstrated several oxide-based ALD coatings on argyrodite Li6PS5Cl
(LPSCl) powders that stabilize them to oxidizing
atmospheres while significantly improving their (electro)chemical properties.
Specifically, we achieve up to a factor of 2 increase in the ionic conductivity
of pellets fabricated from coated LPSCl powders
relative to those made from uncoated material, with a simultaneous decrease in
their electronic conductivity. Furthermore, coated materials exhibit improved
stability against Li metal, along with the formation of favorable reaction
products for maintaining Li+ conductive interphases. These benefits
result in significantly improved room temperature cycle life of Li||Li
symmetric cells at high capacity and current density (≥150 cycles at 1 mAh/cm2 per cycle and 0.5 mA/cm2).
This strategy enables a new framework for designing sulfide SSEs for
next-generation solid-state batteries.
Synthesis and electrochemical study of ceramic-polymer nanocomposite
solid electrolytes
Yuepeng Zhang, Sanja Tepavcevic, Jungkuk Lee, Michael
J. Counihan, Pallab Barai,
Venkat Srinivasan
Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439
Fabricating ceramic-polymer
composite solid electrolytes (SEs) with desired ionic conductivity
and electrochemical stability has
been challenging due to the difficulty of microstructure engineering. Our study
indicates that using nanofiber ceramic conductors can facilitate the formation
of ceramic-phase percolation network and thus improve SE’s ionic conductivity.
In this report, we will discuss the microstructure and electrochemical
properties of the Al0.25Li6.25La3Zr2O12
(LLZO) nanofiber-based composites. An ionic conductivity of 10-4
S/cm was observed at room temperature for both nanofibers and composites.
Compared to pure polymer electrolytes, our composite electrolytes also showed a
higher critical current density. Scalable synthesis of the composite using
roll-to-roll manufacturing will also be presented.
Beyond
Lithium and Towards Sodium: Thin-Film Glassy Solid Electrolytes as a New
Functionality for Glass Enabling High Energy Density Na All Solid
State Batteries
Steve W. Martin
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State
University of Science & Technology, Ames, IA
Fast ion conducting glasses have long been considered as
alternatives to flammable liquid electrolytes in Li batteries. However, to
date, there has never been before the unique combination of required
electrochemical properties in any one such glass for its use as a solid
electrolyte with the equally important requirements of viscoelastic behavior to
form them into thin films suitable for high ion conductivity separators. In
this first ever report of thin film fast ion conducting glasses, we will summarize
our efforts to produce thin films of Na ion conducting glasses and test in them
in symmetric, asymmetric, and full cells.
Conductivity
and Processability of Polymer Electrolyte
Jianlin Li1, Georgios Polizos2
1 Applied Materials Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA, 2Electrification and Energy
Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee,
37830
The predictive design of flexible
and solvent-free polymer electrolytes for solid-state batteries requires an
understanding of the fundamental principles governing ion transport. In this
presentation, we establish a correlation among the composite structures,
polymer segmental dynamics, and lithium ion (Li+) transport in a
ceramic-polymer composite. In addition, this presentation will discuss
compatibility of polymer electrolyte with cathodes and fabrication of polymer
electrolyte with various solvents and techniques.
Advanced
Materials for Energy: from nanomaterials to superstructured
materials
Yun Hang Hu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
The resolution of energy issues is
critically dependent on materials innovation. My group has made great efforts
to develop novel materials, including shaped-controlled 3D graphene, memristive materials, catalysts, and super-structured
materials. This talk will spotlight our findings, including:
1.
Producing valuable chemicals from water, natural gas, and CO2
via electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and
thermo-photo co-catalysis (Nat. Common. 2023, 14, 1203, Nat. Rev.
Methods Primers 2023, 3, 61; PNAS 2024, 121, e2314996121).
2.
Breaking the conflict between large surface area and high
electrical conductivity for electrode materials (Matter 2019, 1, 596; Chem.
Rev. 2020, 120, 10336).
3.
Creating superstructured materials to
reshape charge transfer in solid electrolytes and electrodes for energy devices
(PNAS 2022, 119, e2208750119; PNAS 2023,120, e2219950120).
Unlocking unconventional lithium resources through sustainable
electrochemical leaching
Feifei Shi
Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Penn State,
University Park, PA 16802
With the
increasing demand for energy storage to pair with renewable energy, Li price
has increased more than 10 times over the past 20 years. Currently, most of the
Li production is from brine source, which is very rare in the US. In 2018 and
2019, US import reliance on lithium was more than 50% and 25%, respectively. To
meet the rising demand and secure the cost and supply, it is critical to
extract lithium from alternative resources, besides brine. However, renewable
extraction of Li from unconventional sources still has technical, economic, and
environmental challenges.
In this talk, I
will discuss our recent study of electrochemical leaching to extract Li from
ores e.g. spodumene. This method can directly leach lithium from solid-state
α-phase spodumene with a leaching efficiency of 92.2% at room temperature, in
dilute acid. We found the additive can significantly reduce the leaching
potential by facilitating the electron transfer and changing the reaction path.
The selection of leaching potential is optimized to achieve high Faraday
efficiency. By minimizing the environmental footprint and reducing energy
consumption, electrochemical leaching will revolutionize traditional leaching
and recycling processes for more sustainable energy applications.
Advanced
Batteries to Decarbonize Heavy Transport
Mohammad Asadi
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois
Tech, Chicago, IL 60616
Developing sustainable energy technologies to replace fossil fuels, which
currently dominate global energy sources, stands as a paramount science and
engineering challenge in 21st century. Among various emerging
technologies, energy conversion and storage systems have shown tremendous
potential to be the alternative of fossil fuels due to their ability to harvest
renewable energy, e.g., solar and wind in the form of chemical bonds. In
general, energy can be stored or converted into chemical bonds through
photo/electrochemical processes, e.g., batteries, oxygen reduction reaction
(ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and utilized as the main energy source
in the form of electricity. Recent scientific advancements and technological
innovations have driven the rapid development of sustainable energy
technologies. However, a real activity improvement for clean energy
technologies requires novel and advanced materials with unique properties
(e.g., electronic, structural, and physical properties) that are currently a
bottleneck. In this seminar, I will introduce our recently developed
air-battery technologies, which offer a cost-effective and energy-efficient
solution with superior energy density. These advancements hold promise for
de-fossilizing heavy transport sectors like ground transportation, aviation,
and maritime shipping.
Rechargeable
Al-CO2 battery enabled by a homogeneous redox mediator
Christopher Fetrow, Gustavo Diaz,
Cameron Carugati, and Shuya Wei
Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
Metal-CO2 batteries have
emerged as a promising strategy to improve energy storage technology while
capturing/concentrating carbon dioxide. The Al-CO2 battery has been
previously demonstrated as a primary battery to have an excellent discharge
capacity when a small amount of oxygen is introduced. Herein, we demonstrate an
Al-CO2 battery that uses a homogeneous iodine-based redox mediator
to enable the reversible discharge and charge of the battery with an ultra-low
overpotential of 0.05V. By replacing oxygen gas with aluminum iodide in the
electrolyte of the previously primary-only configuration, the battery maintains
a high discharge capacity and can be recharged for 12 cycles. Without any
additive, the battery shows a negligible discharge capacity of 0.03 mAh/g when discharged at 20 mA/g to 0.5V, which
is increased to 3,557 mAh/g when aluminum iodide is
introduced. The capacity enhancement is present at a very low aluminum iodide
concentration of 0.05M and shows low concentration dependence, indicating that
the enhancement is due to a catalytic mechanism. The aluminum iodide additive
also reduces stripping/plating overpotentials by 40% across a range of current
rates compared to an unmodified imidazolium-based ionic liquid electrolyte.
Scanning electron microscopic imaging of battery cathodes with and without
aluminum iodide after discharge and charge show that the control battery
without aluminum iodide does not form significant discharge products after
discharge, and the discharge product remains after recharge. In contrast, the
battery with added aluminum iodide shows significant discharge product
formation after discharge, and that discharge product almost entirely degrades
after recharge. 27Al NMR spectra and TGA analysis of the discharge
product confirms the discharge product to be aluminum oxalate. To achieve a
higher cyclability and rate capability on Al-CO2 batteries,
modifications regarding the hydrophobicity, porosity, and high surface area of
the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) have been explored. By utilizing a mixture of
two-dimensional and three-dimensional high surface area carbon-based cathode
materials with unique pore structures, we demonstrate that the rechargeable
Al-CO2 battery can enhance CO2 reduction during the
discharge processes.
High Mass
Loading Positive Electrodes for Li-O2 Batteries
Xianglin Li
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, 63130, MO,
USA
The lithium-oxygen
(Li-O2) battery has great potential as the next-generation energy
storage technology due to the high specific capacity of lithium metal (3,864
Ah/kg) and abundant oxygen supply from the surrounding air. However, Li-O2
batteries necessitate flow channels to deliver air or oxygen throughout the
system uniformly. This requirement for flow channels, along with the balance of
plant, increases the weight and volume of the entire battery system. It’s
critical to maximize the mass fraction of cell materials, including lithium
metal, separator, electrolyte, and positive electrode to develop practical Li-O2
battery packs with high specific energy. Therefore, utilizing lithium metal
with a decent thickness is essential to compete with other energy storage
systems such as Li-ion batteries. Meanwhile, the positive electrode must be
porous, with high surface area and pore volume, to accommodate the solid
product (primarily Li2O2) during discharge and charge
cycles. A simple mass balance analysis suggests that the positive electrode in
Li-O2 batteries should have a thickness on the order of 0.5 mm, and
the mass loading of the active positive materials (e.g., carbon) should be on
the order of 50 mg/cm2 or higher.
However, positive electrodes with
high mass loading and thickness pose challenges for mass transfer during oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This presentation
will focus on the importance of transport phenomena in positive electrodes,
where ORR and OER occur. We will discuss the critical role of convection, pore
size, porosity, and electrode wettability in Li-O2 batteries.
Understanding these factors will establish design criteria for advanced
positive electrodes, significantly enhancing the area capacity, specific energy,
and specific power of Li-O2 batteries.
High
Performance Aluminum-Air Flow Batteries through Laser-Modified and
Friction-stir Processed 3D Anode and High Effective Catalysis
Anming Hu
Department of Mechanical, Aerospace
and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Aluminum-air batteries (AAB) are regarded as one of the most promising
beyond-lithium high-energy-density storage candidates. This talk introduces a
three-dimensional (3D) Al7075 anode enabled by femtosecond laser and
friction-stir processed (FSP) which, along with a special double-face anode
architecture provides world-class performance. Electrochemical
characterizations prove that the corrosion resistance of the modified 3D Al7075
FSP anode was enhanced, and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) was
increased compared with that of normal Al 7075 anode. Friction-stir processing
reduced the mean grain size from 30 μm to 3 μm. Various catalysts were further investigated in MXene supporting air cathode. The discharge performance of
3D Al7075 FSP anode is shown to be quite stable, and the average values of
energy density are significantly increased from 2256 mWh
g-1 to 2941 mWh g-1 at 100 mA
cm-2. In a double-face flowing Al-air battery system, the 3D Al7075
FSP anode exhibited significantly better electrocatalytic performance
(discharge voltage of 0.76 V at 400 mA cm-2, and power density of
338 mW cm-2) than that of a commercial Al
7075 anode.
New
Insights on Reaction Pathways for FeS2 Cathodes
Grace Whang1, Aliya S. Lapp2, Alec Talin2,
Bruce Dunn1
1Department of Materials Science &
Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; 2Sandia
National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
Rechargeable FeS2 has
recently re-emerged as cathode candidate for high energy density batteries.
With a theoretical capacity of 894 mAh g-1
combined with being the most abundant metal sulfide on earth, FeS2
holds great promise to provide a means toward higher energy density batteries
in a sustainable manner. However, the complex reaction pathways of FeS2
after the initial lithiation are not well understood and discrepancies
regarding the intermediate and charge products formed still
remain. In the research reported here, we combine a suite of ex-situ
techniques (XRD, XANES, XPS) to investigate the lithiation and delithiation reaction pathways under a wide temperature
range (RT to 100 oC), enabled by the use of an ionic liquid electrolyte. We report two
features which have been largely overlooked in prior studies. First, from the
initial lithiation reaction, we identify hexagonal FeS
and Li2S as the intermediates formed in the two-step reaction. The detection of
hexagonal FeS as an intermediate phase suggests that
the electrochemical pathways for FeS and FeS2
are more similar than previously thought, with both iron sulfides exhibiting an
irreversible lithiation. The second feature involves charging reactions. Upon
charging to 3.0 V (vs Li/Li+) at various temperatures, we report the
electrochemical formation of Greigite Fe3S4
as a charge product. The formation of this sulfur-rich iron sulfide compound is
found to be highly dependent on both temperature (~40 oC)
and availability of sulfur to drive FeS to Fe3S4.
While Fe3S4 forms reversibly for the first few cycles,
its long-term formation is inhibited by the availability of sulfur due to the
solubility of sulfur and polysulfides (PS) in the electrolyte. The connection
between sulfur loss, capacity fade, and charge product composition highlights
the critical need to retain sulfur in the active material upon cycling.
Metal-sulfur
Batteries with Stabilized Electrodes and Interfaces
Arumugam Manthiram
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute,
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
Metal-sulfur batteries offer
tremendous advantages compared to lithium-ion batteries in terms of cost and
energy density as sulfur is abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign,
and both sulfur cathode and metal anodes offer much higher capacities. However,
the practical viability of metal-sulfur batteries is hampered by poor cycle
life and low energy density in practical cells. To overcome the challenges,
this presentation will focus on approaches to stabilize the cathode and anode
as well as their interfaces with electrolyte. Accordingly, the presentation
will first present the effect of incorporating a small amount of tellurium into
sulfur or Li2S cathode or LiTe3 into electrolyte. The
substitution of Te into polysulfides to form polytellurosulfides, followed by a deposition on Li metal
of Li2TeS3 with a low-diffusion barrier for Li+,
stabilizes lithium-metal deposition and the cyclability of anode-free cells
with Li2S cathode. Then, the presentation will focus on the
manufacturing of catalyst-integrated sulfur-carbon composites with facile,
scalable approaches. Finally, the presentation will transition to employ some
of the understanding gained with lithium-sulfur batteries to sodium-sulfur
batteries. Stabilized sodium-sulfur cells with novel electrolyte design and
intercalation-type catalyst-incroporated sulfur
cathodes will be presented.
Graphdiyne-based
two-dimensional nanomaterials for next-generation “beyond Li-ion” batteries
Xueli (Sherry) Zheng,
SLAC, Stanford, California
Two-dimensional (2D) carbon
nanomaterials represent a promising avenue for the development of
next-generation energy storage systems. Particularly, graphdiyne-based
2D nanomaterials have emerged as optimistic candidates due to their unique
structural and electronic properties. Graphdiyne, an
emerging carbon allotrope with the consolidation of diacetylenic
linkages and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, offers remarkable surface area,
mechanical strength, and chemical stability. In this talk, I will first
introduce a lithiophilic hydrogen substituted graphdiyne aerogel host for Li metal batteries. The
hydrogen substituted graphdiyne aerogel’s lithiophilic nature and hierarchical pores drive molten Li
infusion and reduce local current density within the three-dimensional host,
thus achieving dendrite-free Li metal anodes. By regulating electron and ion
transport within the host simultaneously, uniform lithium stripping/platting is
fulfilled, thereby effectively mitigating lithium dendritic growth, and
enhancing lithium utilization. A symmetric cell with lithium-infused hydrogen
substituted graphdiyne aerogel exhibits a low
overpotential of 88 mV at 2 mA cm-2, and stable cycling of 300
cycles in carbonate electrolytes. Moving beyond Li metal batteries, I will talk
about our progress on incorporating cobalt single atom sites into hydrogen
substituted graphdiyne for all-solid-state
lithium-sulfur batteries. Porous hydrogen substituted graphdiyne
aerogel suppressed the amount of soluble sulfur species in the solid polymer electrolytes.
Furthermore, the catalytic effect of cobalt single atom sites enhanced the
lithium-sulfur reaction kinetics and cycling performance of all-solid-state
lithium-sulfur batteries. Our work sheds light on developing graphdiyne-based 2D nanomaterials in revolutionizing
next-generation energy storage technologies and in addressing the challenges
posed by the ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy storage solutions.
Lyten’s
Advancements in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Electric Vehicles
Ratnakumar Bugga,
Celina Mikolajczak, Karel Vanheusden,
Zack Favors, and Dan Cook
Lyten, 145 Baytech Dr., San Jose, CA
95134
Among the ‘Beyond-Li-ion’
technologies, lithium-sulfur batteries have distinct advantages, including high
specific energy, low cost, improved safety, abundant raw materials that are not
plagued by supply chain issues, and low carbon footprint. Yet, their
implementation has been challenging despite impressive results in academic
environment, deterred mainly by the ‘polysulfide shuttle’ – a phenomenon
attributed to the dissolution of polysulfides in electrolyte and formation of a
redox shuttle. To address this, Lyten has developed a
unique family of 3D Graphene materials from the cracking of hydrocarbons to
produce hierarchical porous structure, which has been reported to help
mitigating the problem of polysulfide shuttle. With its well-engineered
nano/micro/meso porous structure, Lyten
3D graphene can physically retrain sulfur and the intermediate polysulfides.
Furthermore, its mechanically flexible and electrically conductive framework
counter the problems of volume change and poor conductivity of sulfur and polysulfides
respectively, making it an ideal host for high-energy and long-life sulfur
cathode in Li-S cells.
In parallel, Lyten
has been developing new cell components and materials, e.g., novel protected Li
composite anodes including 3D architectures, advanced stable electrolytes that
can function at low quantities (electrolyte/sulfur ratio) with adequate
sulfation to support high rates of discharge, and multi-functional separators
that can block polysulfide crossover to the anode. Integration of these
advanced components resulted in Li-S cells with a specific energy comparable to
current Li-ion cells (250-275 Wh/kg) and even
exceeding for short-life applications. The cycle life is progressively
improving, with the recent cells exhibiting 300 cycles at C/3 and 100% DOD and
over 2200 cycles in a LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite cycling @ 20% DOD. There
is expected to be further growth in the overall performance of Li-S cells,
enabled by the ongoing tuning of the 3D graphene and advances in the cell
components and materials, projected to be 325 Wh/kg
and > 300 cycles by the end of this year. In parallel, various safety tests,
including internal short through nail penetration, external short, overcharge
and over-discharge and crush were performed on Li-S pouch and cylindrical 18650
cells, which showed impressive abuse tolerance without thermal runaway. Both
the performance and safety results on the prototype cells have been
corroborated by external 3rd party testing. Using their
semi-automatic assembly lines (2.4 MWh) commissioned recently, Lyten has been producing cylindrical 18650 (and soon 21700)
and pouch cells of 2-10 Ah, and recently shipped samples to various auto OEMs
and the DoD customers.
|
Day 2 Abstracts |
Design Organic
Electrode Materials for All-Solid-State Batteries
Yan Yao
Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Houston, USA
All-solid-state batteries are regarded as one of the future
energy storage technologies capable of competing with the state-of-the-art
Li-ion batteries. Despite tremendous progress, the performance of
all-solid-state metal batteries remains unsatisfactory. Organic electrode
materials have recently emerged as a strong contender to inorganic materials
for solid-state batteries. A key benefit of organic electrode materials is
their inherent softness, which promotes intimate contact with solid
electrolytes during battery operation and therefore improving longevity.
However, this softness can be a double-edged sword. Under compaction, soft
organic active materials tend to deform to envelop the harder solid electrolyte
particles, impeding ion transport. This mismatch in hardness limits active
material utilization at high fraction, resulting lower cell-level energy
density. Here we report the formation of favourable
microstructures in organic electrodes by judiciously “softening” solid
electrolytes and simultaneously “hardening” organic materials. We show how soft organic redox materials could enable intimate
interfacial contact with solid electrolytes under low operating pressure. This
strategy of hardness manipulation provides a universal way for creating
favorable electrode microstructures in solid-state electrodes involving soft
active materials to ensure efficient ion transport.
Multivalent
Battery is Not a Sprint, It is a Relay.
John
Muldoon
Toyota
The introduction of the Li-ion battery has revolutionized
the electronics industry due to its high energy density. Multivalent batteries
may have the potential to exceed the energy densities of Li-ion batteries.
Herein, the major advancements in magnesium electrochemistry and the challenges
that must be overcome to realize a practical magnesium battery are discussed.
So too are the controversial realities of current magnesium battery research
and their implications.
Organic Electrode
Materials for Affordable and Sustainable Na-ion and K-ion Batteries
Chao Luo
George Mason and U Miami
Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and K-ion batteries
(KIBs) are promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the low
cost, abundance, and high sustainability of sodium and potassium resources.
However, the high performance of inorganic electrode materials in LIBs does not
extend to NIBs and KIBs because of larger ion size of Na+/K+
than Li+ and more complicated electrochemistry. Therefore, it is
vital to search for high-performance electrode materials for NIBs/KIBs. To this
end, organic electrode materials (OEMs) with the advantages of high structural
tunability and abundant structural diversity show great promise in developing
high-performance NIBs/KIBs. To achieve advanced OEMs, a fundamental
understanding of the structure–performance correlation is desired for rational
structure design and performance optimization. Tailoring molecular
structures of OEMs can enhance their performance in NIBs/KIBs, however, the
substitution rules and the consequent effect on the specific capacity and
working potential remain elusive. Herein, we explored the electrochemical
performances and reaction mechanisms of various polymer cathode materials based
on azo, imine, and carbonyl groups for NIBs/KIBs. The electrochemical performance
of polymer cathode materials with an extended conjugated structure such as a
naphthalene backbone structure is better than that with benzene and biphenyl
structures due to faster kinetics and lower solubility in the electrolyte. It
unravels the rational design principle of extending π-conjugation aromatic
structures in redox-active polymers to enhance the electrochemical performance.
To further optimize the polymer cathodes, nitrogen-doped or single layer
graphene is employed to increase the conductivity and mitigate the dissolution
of organic materials in the electrolytes. The resulting organic cathodes
deliver high specific capacity, long cycle life, and fast-charging capability.
Post-cycling characterizations were employed to study the chemical structure
and morphology evolution upon cycling, demonstrating that the active centers in
the polymer cathode materials can undergo reversible redox reactions with Na+/K+
for sustainable NIBs/KIBs. Our work provides a valuable guideline for the
design principle of high-capacity and stable OEMs for sustainable energy
storage.
Protonation stimulates the layered to rock salt phase transition of
Ni-rich sodium cathodes
Xiaolin Li
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,
WA, 99352
Protonation of oxide
cathodes triggers surface transition metal dissolution and accelerates the
performance degradation of Li-ion batteries. While strategies are developed to
improve cathode material surface stability, little is known about the effects
of protonation on bulk phase transitions in these cathode materials or their
sodium-ion battery counterparts. Using NaNiO2 in electrolytes
with different proton-generating levels as model systems, a holistic picture of
the effect of incorporated protons is presented. Protonation of lattice oxygens
stimulate transition metal migration to the alkaline layer and accelerates
layered-rock-salt phase transition, which leads to bulk structure
disintegration and anisotropic surface reconstruction layers formation. A
cathode that undergoes severe protonation reactions attains a porous
architecture corresponding to its multifold performance fade. Interactions
between electrolyte and cathode that result in protonation can dominate the
structural reversibility/stability of bulk cathodes.
Determining
the Thermal Safety of Sodium-Ion Batteries at Charge and Discharge Conditions
Manikandan Palanisamy,a,b*
and Vilas G. Pol,a
aDavidson School of Chemical
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
bDepartment of Mechanical,
Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
37996, USA.
The development of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is a
promising technology to scale up for the electrification of aircraft, automobiles and establish large-scale high power energy storage systems. Electrode
materials are involved with different types of Na+ ion storage
mechanisms and showed promising performance for SIBs. Although SIB is a direct
alternative to lithium-ion systems, thermal safety aspects of sodium ion
electrode materials at different stats of charge and discharge conditions are
questionable for determining the onset temperature of the thermal runaway
event. Hence, investigation of the thermal properties for sodium ion electrodes
is most significant for them to reach the market and high-power applications.
This talk will present thermal safety studies of Na+ ion storage at
different status of charge and discharge conditions during adsorption-micropore
filling, and deintercalation of mesoporous hard carbon anode; structural phase transitions of P2-type
NaCoO2; intercalation and deintercalation of P2-type Na0.5Co0.5Mn0.5O2,
and high-voltage Na3V2(PO4)2F3
cathodes.
Advancing the 3.7 V K-Ion Battery: From Coin Cells and Pouch Cells to
18650s
Leigang Xue, Yakov Kutsovsky,
Alexander Girau
Group1
Inc, Austin, TX, USA
Potassium-ion Batteries (KIBs) have emerged as
the only credible critical-mineral-free alternative to LFP Lithium-ion
Batteries (LIBs). Group1 will present an update on
the advancements toward commercializing a low-cost, high-energy 3.7V KIB and
practical gravimetric energy target of 180Wh/kg. This breakthrough is
facilitated by a 4V Potassium Prussian White (KPW) cathode, an organic electrolyte,
and a graphite anode.
The
shift to LFP-based LIBs, driven by major OEMs like Tesla, Ford, and GM,
underscores a strategic focus on cost-effectiveness and safety, notably
steering clear of Co and Ni. Group1’s KIB represents the next leap in
sustainable battery technology, further eliminating Li and Cu while maintaining
energy density and improving charging rates. Group1 enables KIB technology that
ensures (1) a
domestic resilience and supply chain, (2) compatibility with commercially
available graphite anodes, and (3) seamless integration — fitting into existing
LiB manufacturing infrastructure and cell design.
The
key to realizing the practical widespread adoption of KIBs lie in the KPW
cathode material, stemming from the laboratory of Nobel laureate Professor John
B. Goodenough at UT-Austin. With a 4V voltage and a 156 mAh/g
theoretical capacity, KPW materials offer superior energy densities on par with
LiFePO4. Importantly, KPW is compatible with the current LIB electrolyte
systems and graphite anode (theoretical capacity 279 mAh/g).
This is a significant advantage to KIBs over sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) which
are not compatible with this industry-standard anode technology.
While
the cathode, anode, and electrolyte of KIBs integrate seamlessly into existing
LIB manufacturing processes, the adaptation and optimization of each component
in this promising cell chemistry, along with their synergistic effects within
the cell, remain areas that Group1 is actively addressing. We estimate that 80%
of know-how in LIBs maps to KIBs, but the remaining 20% presents a fertile
opportunity for Group1 technical leadership and academic inquiry. Group1
efforts are founded on excellence in KPW material design and pragmatic KIB
technology development, which involves optimizing individual components and the
overall cell system from coin-cells and pouch-cells to 18650s. We will report
data establishing KIB as a credible alternative to LFP and highlighting KIBs
potential, poised to achieve 180 Wh/kg and endure
over 3000 cycles.
Increasing the voltage
for sodium cathode through copper and oxygen redox
Enyuan Hu
Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are appealing for
several reasons, including the abundant availability of sodium and independence
from precious metals such as cobalt. However, SIBs still lag
behind lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density. A major
limitation for SIBs is the relatively low working voltage of their cathodes. To
enhance the voltage and thereby improve the energy density of SIBs, it is
crucial to explore novel redox couples that operate at higher voltages than the
traditional ones based on iron, manganese, and nickel. We have recently
developed P3-structured cathode materials for SIBs based on copper and
manganese, demonstrating significant capacity at voltages above 3.5 V (vs.
Na+/Na). Employing a range of synchrotron-based characterization techniques and
density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have found that both copper
and oxygen contribute actively to the electrochemistry of these materials. This
presentation will explore our discoveries regarding a new redox role for oxygen
and how lithium substitution can enhance oxygen redox activity, thereby
increasing capacity.
Low-Cost,
Earth-Abundant Catholytes for Redox Flow Batteries
Ethan
C. Self
Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Energy storage systems which meet the
requirements for long-duration energy storage (LDES) are critical to enable
widespread adoption of intermittent renewables (e.g., solar and wind) on the
electric grid. DOE’s Long Duration Storage Shot has set an ambitious goal of
reducing energy storage costs ≥90% by 2030. To address this challenge, our team
at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing low-cost, high-energy redox flow
batteries (RFBs) based on earth-abundant active materials.
This talk will summarize recent work on
nonaqueous RFBs containing Na-based catholytes including sodium polysulfides
(Na2Sx) and thiophosphates (NaxPSy).
Na2Sx catholytes have outstanding reversibility and
cycling stability (e.g., reversible capacities ~200 mAh/gS with negligible fade over several months of
continuous testing). While precipitation of low-order polysulfides (x≤4) during
discharge does not negatively impact the performance of lab-scale prototypes,
these ionically/electronically insulating species will present major challenges
for system scaleup (e.g., inhibited charge transfer
due to current collector passivation).
To improve the viability of room temperature
Na/Na2Sx RFBs, our team recently discovered that the
addition of P2S5 greatly increases the solubility of
low-order sodium polysulfides through formation of solvated Na-P-S complexes.
This general class of catholytes is largely unexplored and can theoretically
enable reversible Na capacities exceeding 1,000 mAh/g.
This presentation will provide recent findings on key properties
(electrochemical reversibility, solubility, and chemical stability) of sodium
thiophosphates in nonaqueous solvents. The use of novel AC impedance methods to
identify rate limiting steps in these systems will also be highlighted.
Overall, these studies combine electroanalytical measurements with a suite of
characterization tools to understand the underlying mechanisms which govern
device performance.
Acknowledgements:
This research was conducted at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of
Energy and is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy in the Office of
Electricity through the Energy Storage Research Program.
Medium and
Long Duration Capabilities from Flow Batteries, Mechanical Systems, and Sodium
Batteries
Russ Reed
CleanTech Strategies
The U.S.
energy storage industry is now undertaking its next phase of product
development, maturing stationary energy storage systems with medium and long
duration capabilities. This includes flow batteries, mechanical systems,
and sodium batteries. A number of these systems will be profiled.
Specifically,
I plan to profile at least seven of such medium and long duration capability
systems, including four flow battery systems, two mechanical systems (including
one with a thermal loop also), and a sodium metal system
Zinc Batteries for Stationary Storage
Timothy
N. Lambert
Department
of Photovoltaics and Materials Technology, Sandia National Laboratories,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87185, USA
Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87185, USA
For energy storage to become ubiquitous in the
energy grid, safe, reliable low-cost electrochemical storage technologies that
can be manufactured at high volumes with low capital expenditures are needed.
Rechargeable alkaline batteries based on the use of a Zinc conversion anode are
well suited due to Zn’s high capacity (820 mAh g-1), elemental
abundance and established materials supply chain resulting in low production
costs. Alkaline-based cells are also inherently safe and do not have the
temperature limitations of Li-ion or Pb-acid batteries, thereby removing the
need for complicated thermal management control strategies and providing for
simpler systems with lower integration costs. Coupling Zn with a similarly low
cost and high-capacity conversion electrode, also from abundant and low-cost
materials, to realize the highest energy density batteries is needed.
Historically Zn/MnO2, Zn/CuO and
Zn/S are primary battery chemistries; however, MnO2 (616 mAh g-1), CuO (674 mAh
g-1) or
S (1675 mAh g-1) conversion cathodes are enticing
candidates if a reversible battery can be proven. This talk will cover the
technical challenges to obtaining high capacity and long cycle life in alkaline
Zn-based batteries and highlight recent progress and future directions in this
area.
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy, O\ice of Electricity, Energy Storage Program. This work was
performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an O\ice of
Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) O\ice of
Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a
multi-program laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and
Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell
International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. The views expressed
herein do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy
or the United States Government. SAND2024-05498A
Next Generation Ion
Conducting Polymers for Energy Storage Applications Beyond Li-Ion
Roger
Tocchetto and Vijay Mhetar
Kraton
Energy
storage technologies will continue to play a crucial role in facilitating the
global transition towards more sustainable energy sources. While Lithium-ion
batteries have emerged as one of the foremost solutions due to their high
energy density and decreasing costs, concerns over the safety and environmental
impact of lithium mining and extraction underscore the need for
alternatives. Ion conducting polymers
are the foundation for many of such alternative technologies. This study summarizes development and
application of next-generation ion conducting polymers based on novel pentablock copolymers.
Styrenic pentablock
copolymers were synthesized and subsequently functionalized to produce either
anion exchange (TuffAEM) or cation exchange (TuffPEM) materials.
Unlike random copolymers such as Nafion®,
selective functionalization of certain block in the copolymer backbone affords
combination of properties otherwise not possible to achieve. TuffAEM and TuffPEM membranes show excellent ionic conductivity, low
swell, chemical and electrochemical stability.
These membranes provide compelling options for energy applications
including redox flow batteries, water electrolysis, sodium ion batteries. This presentation will report membrane
performance attributes with focus on flow battery and electrolyzer
applications.
The
advancement and commercialization of these novel, fluorine-free, highly
conductive, and durable ion conducting polymers mark significant progress in
the pursuit of sustainable energy storage solutions.
Eco-Friendly, and Energy-Efficient: The Role of Direct Recycling in
Promoting Sustainability
Chao
Yan
CEO
and Founder, Princeton NuEnergy Inc.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become
essential for various applications, driving a surge in demand for materials
such as lithium, graphite, cobalt, and nickel. This heightened demand raises
sustainability concerns, emphasizing the urgent need for an efficient and
eco-friendly recycling process.
Princeton NuEnergy
(PNE), a pioneering clean-tech company based in the U.S., initiated pilot
production in 2022. PNE is revolutionizing the critical materials supply chain
through its patented technology, which focuses on direct recycling and
upcycling of LIBs and production scrap. Utilizing an innovative low-temperature
plasma-assisted process (LPAS™), PNE refreshes high-value materials like
battery-grade cathode and anode materials, enabling direct use in new cell
manufacturing. This approach reduces costs and environmental impact by
minimizing carbon emissions and hazardous waste. PNE’s technology is set to
disrupt the battery market significantly, representing a major advancement in
sustainable material recovery and recycling.
Direct Recycling of
Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Scraps
Yaocai Bai
Electrification
and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
TN 37830, USA
The rise of electric vehicles has significantly
boosted the demand for lithium-ion batteries, highlighting the critical need
for effective recycling methods to sustain this growth. Recycling endeavors on
extracting valuable materials from spent batteries and manufacturing scraps,
thus reducing reliance on raw material extraction and lessening the
environmental impact of new mining operations. Notably, battery manufacturing
scraps, which include electrode scraps such as trimmings and rejected coatings,
have emerged as pivotal recycling feedstocks. These materials, still pristine
as they have not been incorporated into cells or exposed to electrolytes,
present a unique opportunity for direct recycling. This presentation explores
the recent advancements in the direct recycling of these electrode scraps
through innovative solvent-based separation processes. These processes,
conducted at low temperatures, are highly efficient and maintain the integrity
of the electrode films while separating them from their metal current
collectors without causing morphological damage or metal corrosion.
Furthermore, the recovered electrode materials can be re-manufactured into new
cathodes and anodes, showing electrochemical performances similar
to those of fresh electrodes. The environmental and economic advantages
of these solvent-based recovery methods will be discussed, demonstrating their
role in fostering a secure, sustainable, and circular battery economy. This
approach not only aligns with environmental sustainability goals but also
ensures the practical reutilization of battery scraps, reducing the industry’s
overall environmental footprint.
An automated recycling process of end-of-life lithium-ion
batteries enhanced by
online sensing and machine learning techniques
Zheng Li
Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech
*Corresponding Email: zhengli@vt.edu.
This
presentation attempts to address key challenges to automate unit operations of
the lithium-ion battery direct recycling process. We will introduce the design
and prototype of an automated disassembly system that can separate cell cases,
metal tab, cathode, anode, and separators of a LIB pouch cell with minimum
human intervention. We will take one step further to integrate industrial
vision cameras and sensors into the prototyped system which allows real-time
process defect detection and corrective action. The electrode sorting and
separation method developed here simplifies the subsequent materials extraction
and purification operations of the LIB recycling.
Recycling
and upcycling of spent battery materials via molten-salt technologies
Sheng
Dai
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
The
recycling and upcycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has emerged
as a pressing and complex challenge due to the exponential growth in their
usage. Recovering high-value cathodes not only alleviates strain on the raw
material supply chain but also mitigates adverse environmental impacts. In
addition to the direct recycling of spent cathodes to their original states,
the direct upcycling of these cathodes to next-generation versions holds
immense significance in maximizing the value of spent materials and sustaining
the rapid advancement of LIB technology.
A novel molten-salt system has been developed to directly upcycle spent
NMC 111 cathodes to Ni-rich NMCs, achieving the simultaneous addition of Ni and
the relithiation of Li in spent NMC 111. This
presentation will outline our past and ongoing research endeavors utilizing
molten-salt techniques in this domain. We will delve into a quantitative,
fundamental understanding of various aspects including solvent tunability mechanisms,
factors influencing control over solvent flux properties, driving forces behind
chemical reactions, and strategies for controlling redox reactions.
|
Day 3 Abstracts |
Accelerating materials
discovery for energy storage by AI and robotics-powered laboratories
Yan Zeng
Assistant Professor, Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University. Faculty Affiliate, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory
Developing
new materials from design to synthesis and eventually scale-up span years, if
not decades. In the domain of electrochemical energy storage, the technological
advancement is reliant on the creation of new solid-state materials for use as
electrodes or electrolytes. Identifying a material design strategy that yields
promising candidates is just the first step; the greater challenge is in their
efficient synthesis and validation. To streamline and accelerate the
design–make–measure process, we have built an autonomous solid-state synthesis
laboratory harnessing AI and automation. This laboratory autonomously generates
synthesis recipes drawn from the vast expanse of historical literature,
performs experiments via robotic systems and automated instruments, and
utilizes machine learning for data interpretation, with active learning
algorithms steering the subsequent experimental direction. I will present how
this integrative setup not only improves existing synthesis methods but also
explores the synthesis of oxide-based powder materials, thus accelerating the
speed of material development.
Discovery and
Optimization of Battery Materials in the Era of Foundation Models
Vidushi Sharma
IBM
Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
With the rise of energy storage demand, the
quest for efficient and sustainable battery materials has also intensified.
Though artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have significantly accelerated
theorization of new battery materials and device-level optimization to achieve
better performance, their successful practical application is still thwarted by
challenging synthetic realization and limited availability of usable datasets
to train AI models. In this talk, we dive into the transformative role of foundation
models, such as chemical large language models, in accelerating the discovery
and optimization of battery materials. By harnessing the contextual chemical
knowledge from large unlabeled molecular data, these models facilitate the
prediction of material properties, exploration of novel compositions, and
optimization of performance parameters. We demonstrate the scope of foundation
model in driving electrolyte discovery for novel lithium metal battery based on
interhalogen (I-Cl) conversion mechanism. Foundation model fine-tuned for
downstream task of predicting electrolyte properties such as salt solubilities
and redox potential perform significantly better than conventional graph-based
supervised learning models. We further elaborate upon the customization of
molecular foundation models to represent complexities of mixed material systems
such as liquid electrolyte formulations. The constituent choice and their relative compositions create a very
high dimensional design space that make finding optimum electrolyte formulation
a ‘needle-in-a-haystack’ problem. Foundation models simplify this multi-variate
design optimization problem with their pre-learned chemical knowledge and
inherent generalizability. The new electrolyte formulation is realized and
experimentally validated for relatively high cathode loading based on design
principles learned by the model. The new electrolyte consisting of total 8
constituents improve the practical capacity of the battery by 20%.
Data-driven, Theory-informed Analysis of Microscopy
& Spectroscopy Data
Speaker:
Maria Chan
Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne
National Laboratory
The determination of nanoscale structural
evolution in battery materials during synthesis and cycling is of importance in order to understand battery performance and degradation.
The integrated use of first principles density functional theory (DFT)
modeling, machine learning (ML), together with microscopy (e.g. STEM),
diffraction/scattering, and spectroscopy (e.g. XANES and EELS) measurements,
has enabled more in depth understanding of such structural evolution. In
particular, we have developed approaches for segmentation [1] and energy downsampling [2] to accelerate XANES mapping tasks,
featurization of XANES spectra for structural and oxidation state inference [3]
and the extension to multi-edge spectral input, and
determined 3D structure and oxygen stability of battery interfaces from STEM
data [4]. We have also used computer vision based
models and natural language processing to extract labeled images [5] and plot
data [6] from scientific literature, and recently extended the methods to
leverage large language models and multimodal foundational models. We will
discuss how this combination of techniques has allowed us to determine oxygen
instability and reactivity, map local cation and defect concentrations, and
determine intermediate phases in battery materials, as well as future outlook.
References:
[1]
S. Tetef, A. Pattammattel,
Y. S. Chu, M. K. Y. Chan#, G. T. Seidler, “Accelerating nano-XANES imaging via
feature selection,” Digital Discovery 3(1), 201-209 (2024).
[2]
S. Tetef, A. Pattammattel,
Y. S. Chu, M. K. Y. Chan#, G. T. Seidler, “Manifold Projection Image
Segmentation for Nano-XANES Imaging,” APL Machine Learning 1, 046119 (2023).
[3]
Y. Chen, C. Chen, I. Hwang, M. J. Davis, W. Yang, C.J. Sun, G. Lee, D.
McReynolds, D. Allan, J. M. Arias, S. P. Ong, and M. K. Y. Chan, “Robust
Machine Learning Inference from X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectra through
Featurization,” Chemistry of Materials, 36, 5, 2304–2313 (2024).
[4]
X. Liu, G.-L. Xu, K. V. S. Kolluru, et al, “Origin
and regulation of oxygen redox instability in high-voltage battery cathodes,”
Nature Energy 7, 808–817 (2022).
[5]
E. Schwenker, W. Jiang, T. Spreadbury, N. Ferrier, O. Cossairt,
M. K. Y. Chan, “EXSCLAIM! — Harnessing materials science literature for
labeled microscopy datasets,” Patterns 4, 100843 (2023).
[6]
W. Jiang, K. Li, T. Spreadbury, E. Schwenker, O. Cossiart,
M. K. Y. Chan, “Plot2Spectra: an Automatic Spectra Extraction Tool,” Digital
Discovery 1, 719-731 (2022).
Materials Informatics for
Designing Optimal Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Nav Nidhi Rajput
Stony Brook U
A major breakthrough in battery
materials is required to meet the ever-increasing proliferation of portable
electronic devices, electric vehicles and their variants, as well as the need
for incorporating renewable energy resources into the main energy supply.1 In this context,
lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries attract attention owing to their very high
energy density (2,600 Wh kg-1) and specific capacity
(1,675 mAh g-1) and significantly lower weight and
cost, compared to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).2 Fully packaged, it is
expected that future Li-S batteries can operate at close to 500 Wh kg-1, which is more than twice the energy density of
LIBs (200 Wh kg-1). The problem of realizing the
expected high energy density is defined by several issues including the
dissolution of Li-Polysulfide (PS) species into the electrolyte, insulating
properties of sulfur and Li-PS species, and volume change at the cathode.3 Overcoming these
challenges requires a fundamental understanding of the interplay between events
occurring over wide spatial and temporal scales, and accurate prediction of
electrode and electrolyte properties to obtain design metrics for new improved
materials.
In this talk, I will first
discuss the details of a high-throughput multi-scale computational
infrastructure developed by our group called MISPR (Materials
Informatics for Structure-Property-Relationship).4-6 MISPR
seamlessly integrates density functional theory (DFT) calculations with
classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and generates high-fidelity
databases of computational properties and includes several fully automated
workflows to compute electronic, thermodynamic, structural, and dynamical
properties of electrolyte solutions.
I will then discuss the usage of MISPR to design optimal
electrolytes for Li-S batteries by altering the atomistic interactions between
the electrolyte components through high-throughput screening of potential
co-solvent molecules. This approach guides and accelerates our rational
selection of co-solvents that enable optimal compromise between the solubility
of PS species and the transport properties of the electrolyte through automated
DFT calculations. We use the selected candidates in detailed MD studies to
comprehend the relationship between the structure of the co-solvent and the
electrolyte properties. The approach allows for
creating a database of well-characterized materials to be used in machine
learning-based methods as well as for testing computationally identified
structures in experiments. We recently published the first publicly available
database, ComBat (Computational
Database for Li-S Batteries), which includes ~2000 properties for solvents
spanning 16 different chemical classes. This work provides crucial information
to alleviate the dissolution of PS species during cycling while maintaining
high ionic conductivity and low viscosity.7, 8
References:
1. Larcher, D.; Tarascon, J.-M.,
Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage. Nature chemistry 2015, 7 (1), 19-29.
2. Manthiram, A.;
Yu, X.; Wang, S., Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state
electrolytes. Nature Reviews Materials 2017, 2 (4), 1-16.
3. Manthiram, A.;
Fu, Y.; Su, Y.-S., Challenges and prospects of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 46 (5), 1125-1134.
4. Atwi, R.;
Bliss, M.; Makeev, M.; Rajput, N.
N., MISPR: an open-source package for high-throughput multiscale molecular
simulations. Scientific Reports 2022, 12 (1), 15760.
5. https://github.com/molmd/mispr.
6. Atwi, R.;
Chen, Y.; Han, K. S.; Mueller, K. T.; Murugesan, V.; Rajput, N. N., An automated
framework for high-throughput predictions of NMR chemical shifts within liquid
solutions. Nature Computational Science 2022, 2 (2), 112-122.
7. Atwi, R. a. R., Nav Nidhi, Guiding Maps of
Solvents for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via a Computational Data-Driven Approach.
Patterns http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4324048 2023.
8. https://github.com/rashatwi/combat.